ĐIỂM MẶT NHỮNG DẠNG ĐẢO NGỮ THƯỜNG GẶP TRONG TIẾNG ANH

Muốn bài thi Toeic đạt điểm cao thì bạn không thể không biết đến và nắm chắc kiến thức về đảo ngữ và đặc biệt trong khoảng thời gian gần đây, đảo ngữ xuất hiện trong bài thi với tần suất khá cao nên các bạn đang luyện thi toeic càng cần phải chú ý đến dạng bài này nhiều hơn.

 

TRUNG TÂM ANH NGỮ ATHENA: KHÓA HỌC TOEIC THÀNH THẠO TOÀN DIỆN 4 KỸ NĂNG

 

 

1. Cách sử dụng đảo ngữ

 

2. Cách tạo câu đảo ngữ

 

Có 2 cách để tạo câu đảo ngữ phổ biến:

- Cách 1: sử dụng cấu trúc “auxiliary verb/modal verb + subject + main verb”. Cách này chính là cách để bạn tạo câu hỏi thông thường.

Ex:Câu thông thường:  She  cried : S + V

Câu đảo ngữ: Did she cry? : Aux + S + V

- Cách 2: đặt thứ bạn muốn nhấn mạnh lên đầu câu.

Ex: Not only do I enjoy classical music, but I also enjoy Pop music. (Tôi không chỉ thích nhạc cổ điển mà tôi còn thích nhạc Pop).

 

3. Các dạng câu đảo ngữ thường gặp

 

3.1. Câu đảo ngữ có chứa trạng từ phủ định:

Nhìn chung, câu đảo ngữ thường được dùng để nhấn mạnh tính đặc biệt của một sự kiện nào đó và thường được mở đầu bằng một phủ định từ.

Nhóm từ: never (không bao giờ), rarely (hiếm khi), seldom (hiếm khi), hardly (…when) (khó khăn), Little (ít), only(chỉ), not until (không cho đến), at no time/point (không lúc nào), no sooner (không sớm hơn), not only  (…but also) (không chỉ) , Under no circumstances (Dưới bất kỳ tình huống)

Câu đảo ngữ chứa những trạng ngữ này thường được dùng với động từ ở dạng hoàn thành hay động từ khuyết thiếu và có chứa so sánh hơn.

Ex: Hardly ever does he speak in the public (Anh ấy nói rất nhiều ở nơi công cộng)

 

3.2. Nhóm từ kết hợp sau “Only” như: Only thường đi cùng từ chỉ thời gian.

Only after, only when, only then, Only once
Only later
Only in this way
Only in that way
Only then + Auxiliary + S + V
Only after + N
Only by V_ing/ N
Only when + clause
Only with + N
Only if+ clause
Only in adv of time/ place

Ex: Only then did I understand the problem. (Chỉ sau lúc đó tôi mới hiểu ra được vấn đề).

Only after all guests had gone home could we relax. (Chỉ sau khi tất cả các khách đã về nhà chúng tôi có thể thư giãn)

 

3.3. Nhóm từ: So, Such

Câu đảo ngữ có chứa “So” mang cấu trúc như sau:

So + Adj/ Adv + Auxiliary + S + V + that-clause (mệnh đề danh từ)

Ex: So busy am I that I don’t have time to look after myself. (Vì vậy, bận rộn là tôi không có thời gian để chăm sóc bản thân mình)

 

4. Dạng câu điều kiện có chứa đảo ngữ:

 

Câu điều kiện có chứa đảo ngữ mang sắc thái trang trọng hơn. Trong trường hợp này, đảo ngữ thay thế cho mệnh đề chứa “if”.

 

4.1. Câu điều kiện loại 1: If-clause = Should +S + V…

Ex:

If the weather is nice tomorrow, we will go camping.

=> Should the weather be nice tommorrow, we will go camping. (Nếu ngày mai thời tiết đẹp thì chúng ta sẽ đi cắm trại.)

 

4.2. Câu điều kiện loại 2: If-clause = Were  S + to-V/ Were + S…

Ex:

If I had money, I would buy that car.

=> Were I to have money, I would buy that car. (Nếu tôi có tiền thì tôi đã mua chiếc ô tô đó.)

 

4.3. Câu điều kiện loại 3 : If-clause = Had + S + V­­₃

Ex:

If she hadn’t eaten this cake, she wouldn’t have had stomachache.

=> Had she not eaten this cake, she wouldn’t have had stomachache. (Nếu cô ấy không ăn chiếc bánh ấy thì cô ấy sẽ không bị đau bụng.)

 

5. Đảo ngữ với NO và NOT:

 

No + N + Auxiliary + S + Verb (inf)

Not any +  N + Auxiliary +  S + Verb (inf)
Ex:

No books shall I lend you from now on.

= Not any money shall I lend you from now on. (Từ bây giờ tôi sẽ không cho bạn mượn bất cứ quyển sách nào nữa.)

 

6. Đảo ngữ với until 

 

 Not until + trợ động từ + S + V + that + …

Ex: I won’t come home till 10 o’clock.
(=Not until/ till o’clock that I will come home.)
(= It is not until 10 o’clock that I will come home.) (Tôi sẽ không về nhà đến 10 giờ)

 

7. Đảo ngữ miêu tả 2 hành động cùng xảy ra sát và kế tiếp nhau sau 1 lúc

 

No sooner… than/Scarely… when/Hardly… when…. + had + S + PII …+ S + Ved: ngay sau khi …..

Ex: No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang. (Chẳng bao lâu tôi mới về nhà hơn điện thoại reo.)

 

8. Hình thức đảo ngữ với phó từ chỉ thời gian (With adverbs of time):

 

Phó từ + trợ động từ + S + V

Ex: Very often have we tried to do it but we fail. (Chúng tôi đã cố gắng làm rất nhiều lần nhưng đều thất bại.)

 

9. Hình thức đảo ngữ với phó từ chỉ nơi chốn (With adverbs of place):

 

Phó từ + V + S

Ex: Here comes the fall. (Mùa thu đã tới đây.)

 

10. Hình thức đảo ngữ với with now, thus, then, here, there

 

Chỉ được đảo ngữ khi chủ ngữ là danh từ, không hoán chuyển khi chủ ngữ là đại từ.

Ex: There comes the taxi = There it comes. (Xe taxi đã tới rồi.)

 

BÀI TẬP

 

I. Dùng RARELY, SELDOM hoặc LITTLE viết lại câu với hình thức đảo ngữ
1. One rarely finds good service these days.=> Rarely………………………………………………………
2. She has rarely travelled more than fifty miles from her village.=> Rarely………………………………
3. Public borrowing has seldom been so high.=> Seldom…………………………………………
4. They had seldom participated in such a fascinating ceremony.=> Seldom…………………………
5. They little suspected that the musical was going to be a runaway success.=> Little……………………………
6. The embassy staff little realized that Ted was a secret agent=> Little…………………………………………
8. He has seldom seen anything stranger=> Seldom……………………………………………
II. Rewrite each of the following sentences with the given words in such a way that it means the same as the sentence printed above it.

1. He had hardly left the office when the telephone rang.

=> No sooner __________________________________________________ ___
2. I had only just put the phone down when the boss rang back.
=> Hardly __________________________________________________ _____
3. He didn’t finish his work until the bell rang.
=> Not until __________________________________________________ ____
4. We only began to see the symptoms of the disease after several months.
=> Only __________________________________________________ _______
5. A sleeping dog was lying under the table.
=> Under the table _________________________________________________
6. His brother had rarely been more excited.
=> Rarely____________________________________________ _____________
7. The facts were not all made public until later.
=> Only______________________________________________ ____________
8. If I had realized what would happen, I wouldn’t have accepted the job.
=> Had_______________________________________________ ____________

III. Rewrite each of the following sentences with the given words in such a way that it means the same as the sentence printed above it.

1. He spent all his money. He even borrowed some from me.

=> Not only_______________________________________________________

2. He had hardly left the office when the telephone rang.

=> No sooner _____________________________________________________

3. I had only just put the phone down when the boss rang back.

=> Hardly _______________________________________________________

4. He didn’t finish his work until the bell rang.

=> Not until ______________________________________________________

5. We only began to see the symptoms of the disease after several months.

=> Only _________________________________________________________

6. I have never seen anyone in my life drink as much as you.

=>  Never ________________________________________________________

7. The response to our appeal was so great that we has to take on more staff.

=> Such__________________________________________________________

 

8. His brother had rarely been more excited.

=> Rarely_________________________________________________________

9. The facts were not all made public until later.

=> Only__________________________________________________________

10. If I had realized what would happen, I wouldn’t have accepted the job.

=> Had___________________________________________________________

 

ĐÁP ÁN

 

I. Dùng RARELY, SELDOM hoặc LITTLE viết lại câu với hình thức đảo ngữ
1. One rarely finds good service these days.

=> Rarely does one find good service these days
2. She has rarely travelled more than fifty miles from her village.

=> Rarely has she traveled more than fifty miles from her village
3. Public borrowing has seldom been so high.

=> Seldom public borrowing has been so high
4. They had seldom participated in such a fascinating ceremony.

=> Seldom had they participated in such a fascinating ceremony.
5. They little suspected that the musical was going to be a runaway success.

=> Little did they suspect that the musical was going to be a runaway success.

6. The embassy staff little realized that Ted was a secret agent

=> Little did the embassy staff  realize that Ted was a secret agent
7. She didn't realize what would happen to her next.

=> Little did she realize what would happen to her next.
8. He has seldom seen anything stranger

=> Seldom has he seldom seen anything stranger

II. Rewrite each of the following sentences with the given words in such a way that it means the same as the sentence printed above it. 

1. He had hardly left the office when the telephone rang.

=> No sooner had he left the office than the telephone rang.
2. I had only just put the phone down when the boss rang back.
=> Hardly had I  just put the phone down when the boss rang back.
3. He didn’t finish his work until the bell rang.
=> Not until the bell rang did he finish his work

4. We only began to see the symptoms of the disease after several months.
=> Only after several months did we begin to see the symptoms of the disease
5. A sleeping dog was lying under the table.
=> Under the table was lying a sleeping dog
6. His brother had rarely been more excited.
=> Rarely had his brother been more excited.
7. The facts were not all made public until later.
=> Only until later were the facts all made public

8. If I had realized what would happen, I wouldn’t have accepted the job.
=> Had I  realized what would happen, I wouldn’t have accepted the job.

 

III. Rewrite each of the following sentences with the given words in such a way that it means the same as the sentence printed above it.

1. He spent all his money. He even borrowed some from me.

=> Not only did he spend all his money but she also borrowed some from me.

2. He had hardly left the office when the telephone rang.

=> No sooner had I left the office than the phone rang.

3. I had only just put the phone down when the boss rang back.

=> Hardly had I put the phone down when the boss rang back.

4. He didn’t finish his work until the bell rang.

=> Not until the bell rang did he finish his work.

5. We only began to see the symptoms of the disease after several months.

=> Only after several months did we begin to see the symptoms of the disease.

6. I have never seen anyone in my life drink as much as you.

=> Never in my life have seen anyone drink as much as you.

7. The response to our appeal was so great that we has to take on more staff.

=> Such was the responsible to our  appeal  that we has to take on more staff

8. His brother had rarely been more excited.

=> Rarely had his brother been more excited.

9. The facts were not all made public until later.

=> Only later were all the facts made public.

10. If I had realized what would happen, I wouldn’t have accepted the job.

=> Had I realized what would happen, I wouldn’t have accepted the job.

 

TÌM THÊM NHIỀU ĐỀ THI THỬ TOEIC, CÁC MẸO THI TOEIC TẠI: TÀI LIỆU LUYỆN THI TOEIC