50+ bài tập rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ: công thức, ví dụ và bài tập

 

Việc sử dụng thành thạo mệnh đề quan hệ trong IELTS Writing và Speaking giúp người học từng bước ghi điểm trong bài thi của mình. Trong bài viết dưới đây, Athena sẽ giới thiệu đến người học bộ bài tập rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ được chọn lọc từ cơ bản đến nâng cao, giúp chuẩn bị tốt nhất cho kỳ thi sắp tới.

Ôn tập nhanh lý thuyết rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ

Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ được áp dụng dưới 5 hình thức khác nhau: 

Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ với động từ "V-ing"

Đối với động từ ở dạng chủ động trong mệnh đề quan hệ, ta loại bỏ đại từ quan hệ và động từ "to be" (nếu có), chuyển động từ chính sang dạng V-ing.  

Ví dụ: The man who sits on the chair over there is my uncle. 

→ The man sitting on the chair over there is my uncle.

Bài tập rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ với động từ V-ing

 

Tìm hiểu thêm: Tất tần tật kiến thức về mệnh đề quan hệ

 

Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ với động từ quá khứ phân từ (V-ed/V3)

Đối với động từ  ở dạng bị động (đại từ quan hệ + be + V-ed/V3), người học  cần lược bỏ qua đại từ quan hệ và động từ "to be", chỉ giữ lại động từ ở dạng phân từ quá khứ (V-ed/V3).

Ví dụ: My brother who was interviewed last month finally got the job. 

→ My brother interviewed last month finally got the job. 

 

Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ với động từ to-V

Đối với trường hợp này, mệnh đề quan hệ chỉ được rút gọn khi danh từ được bổ nghĩa bằng mạo từ "the" và đi kèm với các từ chỉ số thứ tự (first, second, last), dạng so sánh nhất (oldest, best, biggest), hoặc từ "only".

Để thực hiện việc rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ theo cách này, người học sẽ loại bỏ đại từ quan hệ, sau đó chuyển động từ hoặc trợ động từ (nếu có) thành dạng To + Verb (to infinitive).

 

Ví dụ: He will be the oldest person who wins a prize in football. 

→ He will be the oldest person to win the prize in football.

Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ to V còn được sử dụng khi câu diễn tả mục đích như: 

• Nếu chủ thể của hai mệnh đề khác nhau,  thêm "for O" trước động từ nguyên mẫu. 

Ví dụ: "Do you have some books that children can read?" 

→ Do you have some books for children to read?

• Đối với các chủ thể chung chung như "we", "you", hoặc "everyone", có thể không cần nhắc lại chủ thể. 

Ví dụ: "Working in an  famous international company is a marvelous thing that we should think about." → Working in a famous international company is a marvelous thing to think about.

• Khi có giới từ dẫn đầu đại từ quan hệ (on which, with whom, v.v.), hãy đặt giới từ ở cuối câu. 

Ví dụ: "There is a chair on which we can put our bags" → There is a chair to put our bags on.

 

Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ bằng cụm danh từ

Khi mệnh đề quan hệ bao gồm "be" kèm theo một danh từ hoặc cụm danh từ (who, whom, which + be Noun Phrase), người học có thể loại bỏ cả đại từ quan hệ lẫn "be", chỉ giữ lại cụm danh từ.

 

Ví dụ: Last month we visited Beijing, which is the capital of China.

→ Last month we visited Beijing, the capital of China. 

Bài tập rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ với cụm danh từ

Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ bằng tính từ

Trong trường hợp một câu chứa mệnh đề quan hệ ở dạng “đại từ quan hệ + động từ chỉ giác quan/be” đi kèm với tính từ để miêu tả một người/vật,  người học có thể bỏ đi "đại từ quan hệ + động từ giác quan/be" và trực tiếp sử dụng tính từ hoặc cụm tính từ.

 

Ví dụ: The princess, who looks gorgeous and elegant in the long red dress, comes and invites me to dance. 

→ The princess, gorgeous and elegant in the long red dress,  comes and invites me to dance. 

Tìm hiểu thêm: Cấu Trúc This Is The First Time: Công Thức Và Bài Tập Có Đáp Án

50+ bài tập rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ từ cơ bản đến nâng cao

Bài tập 1: Xác định và rút gọn đại từ quan hệ

1. The book that is on the table is mine.
2. The emails which were sent yesterday have been answered.
3. The people who are waiting in the hall should be seated first.
4. The car that was bought last year is already broken.
5. The flowers that are growing in the garden are beautiful.
6. The chair that is made of wood is very old.
7. The paintings that were stolen from the museum have been found.
8. The students who study hard get good grades.
9. The building that is located in the city center is very tall.
10. The cat that is sleeping on the couch is very cute.
11. The music that is playing on the radio is very loud.
12. The shoes that were purchased last week are too small.
13. The phone that was left in the taxi has been returned.
14. The documents that are lying on the desk need to be signed.
15. The lady who is talking to the manager is my mother.

Bài tập 2: Chọn đúng dạng rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ

1. The man (who is running toward us / running toward us) looks familiar.
2. I found the wallet (lying on the floor / which was lying on the floor).
3. The students (participating in the program / who are participating in the program) will receive certificates.
4. She showed me the dress (she bought yesterday / bought yesterday).
5. The books (placed on the shelf / that are placed on the shelf) belong to me.
6. The house (built in 1900 / which was built in 1900) is now a museum.
7. The letters (sent by email / which were sent by email) arrived instantly.
8. The cake (made by my aunt / that was made by my aunt) was delicious.
9. The movie (directed by Nolan / that was directed by Nolan) won several awards.
10. The dog (sleeping in the sun / which is sleeping in the sun) seems peaceful.
11. The solution (proposed by the team / that was proposed by the team) was accepted.
12. The artwork (displayed in the gallery / which is displayed in the gallery) is stunning.
13. The fence (surrounding the house / that surrounds the house) needs painting.
14. The boy (sitting at the back of the class / who is sitting at the back of the class) is new.
15. The company (founded by my grandfather / that was founded by my grandfather) is very successful.

Bài tập 3: Viết lại câu hoàn chỉnh bằng cách sử dụng ngữ pháp rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ

1. The woman who is wearing a red dress is my sister.
2. The documents that are required for the application are listed below.
3. The children who were playing in the park are now home.
4. The laptop that is used by the students is in the lab.
5. The movie that was released last month is worth watching.
6. The experiments that are conducted in the lab are crucial.
7. The messages that were received this morning have been read.
8. The tree that was planted by my grandfather grows in the yard.
9. The advice that was given by the teacher was helpful.
10. The stories that are told by my grandmother are interesting.
11. The gift that was given to me by my friend is precious.
12. The people who are invited to the party are my close friends.
13. The painting that was bought at the auction is very expensive.
14. The questions that were asked during the interview were tough.
15. The car that is parked outside belongs to my neighbor.

Bài tập 4: Kết hợp các câu sử dụng ngữ pháp rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ

1. The girl is my cousin. She is standing next to the window.
2. The package arrived this morning. It was sent from abroad.
3. The building was demolished. It was over a century old.
4. The vegetables are fresh. They were grown in the local garden.
5. The book was interesting. It was written by J.K. Rowling.
6. The teacher is retiring. He has worked here for 30 years.
7. The report is confidential. It was prepared by the committee.
8. The museum is closed. It was opened in 1920.
9. The song is catchy. It is sung by a famous singer.
10. The project is challenging. It is managed by my team.
11. The photograph is beautiful. It was taken by a professional photographer.
12. The meal was delicious. It was cooked by my mother.
13. The film is critically acclaimed. It was directed by an award-winning director.
14. The gadget is innovative. It was designed by a startup.
15. The athlete is talented. He won the championship last year.

Bài tập 5: Chuyển dạng câu hoàn chỉnh với cụm giới từ

Transform the following sentences by using a prepositional phrase with a reduced relative clause.

1. The article that is about global warming was published in the journal.
2. The room that is used for meetings is on the first floor.
3. The book that is on the topic of artificial intelligence is very informative.
4. The painting that is in the museum is a masterpiece.
5. The lecture that is on ancient history will be held tomorrow.
6. The research that is about renewable energy is groundbreaking.
7. The documentary that is on wildlife conservation is inspiring.
8. The conference that is about technology trends starts next week.
9. The course that is on digital marketing is very popular.
10. The play that is about Shakespeare's life is very engaging.
11. The seminar that is on financial literacy is scheduled for next month.
12. The hotel that is near the beach is fully booked.
13. The paper that is on genetic engineering has been cited many times.
14. The festival that is about cultural heritage is celebrated annually.
15. The workshop that is on creative writing attracts many participants.

Tham khảo thêm:   Tất tần tật các loại giới từ trong tiếng Anh

Bài tập 6: Lựa chọn câu trắc nghiệm đúng

1. The girl ______ at the front desk can help you with your check-in.

1. A) working
2. B) works
3. C) who works

 

2. The documents ______ in the drawer are confidential.

1. A) placed
2. B) placing
3. C) are placed

3. The house ______ last year has already been sold.

1. A) built
2. B) was built
3. C) building

4. The emails ______ since this morning need urgent responses.

1. A) received
2. B) receiving
3. C) are received

5. The athlete ______ in the marathon is a world champion.

1. A) competing
2. B) competed
3. C) who competed

6. The company ______ worldwide is planning to expand further.

1. A) operating
2. B) operated
3. C) operates

7. The phone ______ on the table belongs to me.

1. A) lying
2. B) lies
3. C) who lies

8. The advice ______ by the consultant was very helpful.

1. A) given
2. B) giving
3. C) was given

9. The museum ______ in the city center attracts thousands of visitors.

1. A) located
2. B) locating
3. C) is located

10. The story ______ by the author was turned into a movie.

1. A) written
2. B) writing
3. C) was written

11. The clothes ______ for the charity event will be donated to the shelter.

1. A) collected
2. B) collecting
3. C) are collected

12. The flowers ______ outside the window are blooming.

1. A) growing
2. B) grows
3. C) are growing

13. The assignment ______ to us last week is due tomorrow.

1. A) given
2. B) giving
3. C) was given

14. The music ______ throughout the hall was composed by a famous artist.

1. A) playing
2. B) played
3. C) was played

15. The car ______ in the accident was completely totaled.

1. A) involved
2. B) involving
3. C) was involved

Bài tập 7: Đọc đoạn văn, điền vào ô trống đáp án phù hợp nhất

The team, led by a scientist (1) _________ (known / knowing / knows) for her groundbreaking research, embarked on a journey to the Amazon. Their goal was to find new plant species (2) _________ (growing / grows / grown) only in this remote area. Along the way, they encountered many challenges, including rivers (3) _________ (flowing / flowed / flow) rapidly due to recent rains and paths (4) _________ (blocking / blocked / blocks) by fallen trees.

 

In the dense forest, they discovered a variety of plants (5) _________ (showing / shown / show) unusual properties, some of which were (6) _________ (using / used / uses) by the local tribes for medicinal purposes. One particular plant, (7) _________ (having / has / had) bright red leaves, caught their attention. This plant, (8) _________ (producing / produced / produces) a unique scent, was believed to have healing qualities.

 

As they continued their exploration, they found an area (9) _________ (teeming / teamed / teams) with wildlife, including several species of birds (10) _________ (singing / sung / sings) in the canopy. The researchers took samples of the plants (11) _________ (identifying / identified / identify) for further study back at their laboratory.

 

Their expedition, (12) _________ (lasting / lasted / lasts) three weeks, provided valuable data (13) _________ (contributing / contributed / contributes) to their ongoing research. The team, (14) _________ (hoping / hoped / hopes) to return next year, left the Amazon with a sense of accomplishment and a deep respect for the forest’s complex ecosystem.

Bài tập 8: Sắp xếp các từ tạo thành câu hoàn chỉnh

1. the / is / book / table / the / on / lying / mine
2. parked / was / here / the / car / towed / been / has
3. sold / just / phones / were / out / released / the / last / week
4. stolen / paintings / recovered / been / the / have
5. hill / the / view / built / beautiful / on / house / a / has / the
6. department / computer / IT / the / new / by / used / is / the
7. hit / a / movie / was / last / released / already / the / month / is
8. in / phone / the / found / cab / was / the / returned / to / owner / its
9. Rowling / bestseller / the / list / written / is / on / J.K. / by / book / the
10. factory / installed / fully / is / the / automated / in / machine / the
11. collected / for / charity / be / the / event / will / clothes / donated
12. are / outside / blooming / the / flowers / window / the
13. us / week / to / last / given / the / was / assignment / due / tomorrow
14. composed / music / artist / a / famous / playing / by / the / throughout / hall / was
15. accident / involved / totaled / car / completely / the / was / in / the

Bài tập 9: Hoàn thiện các câu dựa trên đáp án có sẵn

Verbs and Phrases to Use:

Drive/ argue/ sit/ stack up/ shake/ participate/ sing/ show great interest

Prepositional Phrases:

In the debate/ at the concert/ at the library/ in front of the supermarket/ on the bench/ in the competition/ in their room/ during the meeting

1. The car ___________ is known for its excellent fuel efficiency.
2. The students ___________ didn't reach a consensus.
3. The books ___________ need to be sorted and shelved.
4. The cat ___________ seems very content in the sunshine.
5. The athletes ___________ demonstrated exceptional skill and dedication.
6. The old photo album ___________ contains childhood memories.
7. The couple ___________ seems to be arguing about something minor.
8. The singer ___________ captivated everyone with her voice.
9. The executives ___________ are considering new strategies for expansion.
10. The teenagers ___________ are likely planning their next adventure.

Bài tập 10: Nhận dạng lỗi và sửa lỗi

1. The house building at the end of the street is for sale.
2. The paintings displaying in the gallery are from the 19th century.
3. The woman wearing the red dress at the party was a famous actress.
4. Children not accompanied by an adult will not be allowed inside.
5. The cake eaten at the birthday party was homemade.
6. The documents submitting last week have not yet been processed.
7. The phone lying on the table belongs to someone in this room.
8. Cars parking in the no-parking zone will be towed.
9. The movie showing at the cinema tonight is sold out.
10. The trees planting around the building provide good shade.
11. The musician playing the guitar is very talented.
12. People wanting to attend the event must register online.
13. The dog barking all night disturbed the neighbors.
14. The laptop stolen from the office has been found.
15. The book written by J.K. Rowling has become a bestseller.

 

Đáp án bài tập rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ

Bài tập 1

1. The book on the table is mine.
2. The emails sent yesterday have been answered.
3. The people waiting in the hall should be seated first.
4. The car bought last year is already broken.
5. The flowers growing in the garden are beautiful.
6. The chair made of wood is very old.
7. The paintings stolen from the museum have been found.
8. The students studying hard get good grades.
9. The building located in the city center is very tall.
10. The cat sleeping on the couch is very cute.
11. The music playing on the radio is very loud.
12. The shoes purchased last week are too small.
13. The phone left in the taxi has been returned.
14. The documents lying on the desk need to be signed.
15. The lady talking to the manager is my mother.

Bài tập 2

All the correct answers are the first options (without "who are" or "which was").

Bài tập 3

1. The woman wearing a red dress is my sister.
2. The documents required for the application are listed below.
3. The children playing in the park are now home.
4. The laptop used by the students is in the lab.
5. The movie released last month is worth watching.
6. The experiments conducted in the lab are crucial.
7. The messages received this morning have been read.
8. The tree planted by my grandfather grows in the yard.
9. The advice given by the teacher was helpful.
10. The stories told by my grandmother are interesting.
11. The gift given to me by my friend is precious.
12. The people invited to the party are my close friends.
13. The painting bought at the auction is very expensive.
14. The questions asked during the interview were tough.
15. The car parked outside belongs to my neighbor.

Bài tập 4

Combine as appropriate, e.g., "The girl standing next to the window is my cousin." Each sentence should be combined using a reduced relative clause based on the context of both sentences.

Bài tập 5

1. The article about global warming published in the journal.
2. The room for meetings on the first floor.
3. The book on the topic of artificial intelligence is very informative.
4. The painting in the museum is a masterpiece.
5. The lecture on ancient history will be held tomorrow.
6. The research about renewable energy is groundbreaking.
7. The documentary on wildlife conservation is inspiring.
8. The conference about technology trends starts next week.
9. The course on digital marketing is very popular.
10. The play about Shakespeare's life is very engaging.
11. The seminar on financial literacy is scheduled for next month.
12. The hotel near the beach is fully booked.
13. The paper on genetic engineering has been cited many times.
14. The festival about cultural heritage is celebrated annually.
15. The workshop on creative writing attracts many participants.

Bài tập 6

1. working
2. placed
3. built
4. received
5. competing
6. operating
7. lying
8. given
9. located
10. written
11. collected
12. growing
13. given
14. playing
15. involved

Bài tập 7

1. known
2. growing
3. flowing
4. blocked
5. showing
6. used
7. having
8. producing
9. teeming
10. singing
11. identified
12. lasting
13. contributing
14. hoping

Bài tập 8

1. The book lying on the table is mine.
2. The car parked here has been towed.
3. The phones released last week were sold out.
4. The paintings stolen have been recovered.
5. The house built on the hill has a beautiful view.
6. The computer used by the IT department is new.
7. The movie released last month is already a hit.
8. The phone found in the cab was returned to its owner.
9. The book written by J.K. Rowling is on the bestseller list.
10. The machine installed in the factory is fully automated.
11. The clothes collected for the charity event will be donated.
12. The flowers growing outside the window are blooming.
13. The assignment given to us last week is due tomorrow.
14. The music composed by a famous artist was playing throughout the hall.
15. The car involved in the accident was completely totaled.

Bài tập 9

1. The car parked in front of the supermarket is known for its excellent fuel efficiency.
2. The students arguing during the meeting didn't reach a consensus.
3. The books stacked up at the library need to be sorted and shelved.
4. The cat sitting on the bench seems very content in the sunshine.
5. The athletes participating in the competition demonstrated exceptional skill and dedication.
6. The old photo album found in their room contains childhood memories.
7. The couple arguing on the phone seems to be arguing about something minor.
8. The singer performing at the concert captivated everyone with her voice.
9. The executives showing great interest during the meeting are considering new strategies for expansion.
10. The teenagers planning in their room are likely planning their next adventure.

Bài tập 10

1. The house being built at the end of the street is for sale.
2. The paintings displayed in the gallery are from the 19th century.
3. The sentence is correct.
4. The sentence is correct.
5. The cake eaten at the birthday party was homemade. (The sentence is correct if it means the cake was indeed eaten; otherwise, if the intent is to describe the cake available, "served" could be a better choice without needing a reduced clause.)
6. The documents submitted last week have not yet been processed.
7. The sentence is correct.
8. Cars parked in the no-parking zone will be towed.
9. The sentence is correct.
10. The trees planted around the building provide good shade.
11. The sentence is correct.
12. The sentence is correct.
13. The sentence is correct.
14. The laptop that was stolen from the office has been found. (Or simply, "Stolen from the office, the laptop has been found" for a reduced form.)
15. The sentence is correct.

 

Tổng kết

Hy vọng thông qua bài viết này, Anh ngữ Athena đã giúp người học hiểu hơn về các dạng bài tập rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ. Người học cần ghi chép cẩn thận và siêng năng luyện tập vì đây là một dạng ngữ pháp phức tạp thuộc chuyên đề mệnh đề quan hệ để có thể nâng cao thành tích trong các kì thi tiếng Anh sắp tới!

Còn nếu vẫn chưa tự tin với khả năng tự ôn IELTS của mình, hãy tham khảo khóa học IELTS toàn diện từ 0 đạt 6.5-8.0+ dành cho người mất gốc tại Athena. 

• Lộ trình học “tối giản”, “tối ưu” giúp bạn nắm vững kiến thức cơ bản, và nắm chắc tấm bằng IELTS 6.5+ trong tầm tay.
• Giáo trình và phương pháp được chính Ths. Đỗ Vân Anh (8.5 IELTS với 10 năm kinh nghiệm giảng dạy TOEIC/IELTS)  biên soạn và giảng dạy trực tiếp.
• Học phí “nhẹ ví” với các bạn sinh viên: Khóa IELTS từ mất gốc đến 6.5+ tại Athena là lựa chọn phù hợp với các bạn sinh viên mong muốn sở hữu tấm bằng IELTS với chi phí thấp nhưng chất lượng cao. Ngoài ra, Athena còn trao học bổng định kỳ với các bạn đạt điểm IELTS như mong ước. 

Thông tin chi tiết về khoá học IELTS từ 0 đạt 6.5-8.0 của Athena TẠI ĐÂY.

 

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